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TURKEY- LUSCIOUS LEFTOVERS

I’ve written lots of postings on turkey over the years; how to buy, prep, stuff, cook, carve, strip the carcass, preserve  the meat and use left-overs-enough recipes for left-overs to fill a book. So this year, I decided rather repeat the information or add more recipes, I would give you ‘Cliff Notes’ on The Turkey Experience. I’m summarizing the steps of the process, from market to table and giving you links to their specific posts. 

This way you can easily locate answers to any questions you have, get help or find suggestions you need and go directly to the specific posting(s). After all, anyone responsible for holiday meals has no time to waste searching for things. 

First of all, I want to state my approach to roasts is bigger is better because they s-t-r-e-a-c-h. I love leftovers, they make wonderful impromptu meals and it’s relaxing to know you have the basis of dinner on hand. A larger roast can give you that with only a bit more cooking time and no extra effort. Turkey is the perfect example; the cooked meat freezes well and given the seasonal prices now, getting a larger one is an economy. So before you cut back on size of the entrees for holiday dinners this difficult year, consider these facts

To start at the beginning, picking a bird is important, but more so are the storing, thawing (if frozen), prep, for me this includes brining, and cooking. Briefly, always choose the plumpest bird, follow the handling directions and cook as instructed for times and temperatures, especially noting the differences between stuffed and unstuffed birds. I explain each of these steps in detail in my post for Nov. 15, 2012.

To simplify things, here is a roasting chart from famous food writer and teacher David Joachim’s book, 5,000 Food Tips and Tricks. The cooking times are a bit longer than other charts and I truly believe safer. The oven temperature is 325 deg. and the temperatures required for doneness are 180 deg. for the breast and 165 deg. for the stuffing.

—————————————————————————————————————————————–                                

Weight           Fridge defrosting               Cold water defrost        Roasting unstuffed             Roasting stuffed
_____________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________

5-7lb.                 16-22 hr.                              3-5 hr.                        1 ½ -2 hr.                               2-2 ½ hr.
7-9 lb.                18-24 hr.                              4-6 hr.                        2-2 ½ hr.                                2 ½ -3 hr.
9-11 lb.              24-36 hr.                              8-10 hr.                     3-3 ½ hr.                                 4-4 ½ hr.
12-15 lb.            36-48 hr.                              10-14 hr.                   3 ½ -4 hr.                                4 ½ -5 hr.
16-20 lb.             48-64 hr.                             16-20 hr.                   4-6 hr.                                     5 ½ -7 hr.  
____________________________________________________________________________

Stuffings, both for cooking in bird and separately, are discussed in my posts for Nov.19, 2012  Nov. 3, 2016 and more recently updated last week, Nov. 19, 2020. The first post gives the fundamentals of stuffing making and the basic recipe for bread stuffing which can be modified in so many ways. The more recent post explores 10 different stuffing recipes, among them Wild Rice, Squash, Mushroom and Cranberry, with an eye to trying something new this year to brighten the holidays. The most important things to remember in dealing with stuffing is that always stuff the bird just before placing in the oven and all stuffing, regardless of ingredients, must register 165 deg. to be considered cooked through and ready to be served. Finally, be sure to remove stuffing as soon as the dinner is over and store separately. For freezing tips, see the storing section below.

Gravy is another important accompaniment to a roast, especially turkey. It’s important to remember that gravy is an accessory not a star, but it’s a make or breaker. Unless it complements the entrée, is compatible with the other dishes and has a pleasing texture, it can ruin the meal. The first two requirements aren’t much concern, especially if the gravy base is the juice rendered by the meat. The last can be more difficult. For example a little fat from the roast can give it a silky texture, just as a pat of butter smooths a sauce, but too much can cause it to break, or separate, making it appear, and taste, greasy. Also, improper introduction or cooking of the thickening agent can make gravy lumpy and unappetizing.

Both problems can be easily solved. A large amount of excess fat can be removed by slightly chilling the rendered juice and spooning it off, a light film by gently drifting strips of paper towel across the top of the reserved juice, 4-5 strips usually suffice. To avoid lumpy gravy, dissolve the thickener in cold liquid before adding it to the saucepan and whish constantly until desired density is reached.

I discuss these problems, specifically different ways of thickening and how to avoid errors, in my post of Nov. 20,2014 and in depth generally for both sauces and gravies, with many recipes and variations in my book Savvy Sauces and Gravies available at dinnerwithjoy.com/booksproducts/ and Amazon. It’s also part of my book Food Facts for Millennials available at the above sites and summarized in my post of June 7, 2018.

Carving a turkey is not difficult. There are 2 main methods, one traditional and the other more recent, either way the first move is to remove the wing and leg, with thigh, by slicing through the joints, on one side to give clear access to the breast. Then either slice the meat off the breast parallel the breast bone, in clean strokes or make one slice through the lobe along the breastbone and another along the bottom perpendicular to the backbone, removing the entire lobe, which can then be sliced crosswise. The thigh meat can be sliced separately. Repeat on the other side. 

I do this in the roasting pan, but you may need to move the bird to a board for the second method of carving. For this it’s easier to mound at least the first serving of stuffing on the serving platter before you start to carve.

Stripping the carcass sounds more labor intensive than it is. (See post for Nov. 28, 2019) Set out a plate, size dependent on the amount of meat left on the carcass, and cut, or pull the meat off the bones, putting it on the plate. Toss the bones pieces of cartledge, joints, and any pieces of skin in a large pot as you go. When finished stripping, cover the pot contents with water, bring to a boil, reduce heat and simmer about 2 hours. This will make soup or stew base. When it is finished, strain and store in plastic containers with lids and freeze. Do not skim it. The fat will form a hard layer on top which keeps the broth fresh and can easily be scraped off before thawing for use.

Tip for freezing stuffing. Store stuffing in plastic containers with lids and cover with a few tablespoons of the broth. This prevents the stuffing from drying out and locks in flavor and texture.

To freeze the meat, I divide it into piles, small, for soups and chilies, medium, for stews and casseroles, and large, for pan sautés or sauced dishes.  I use plastic wrap to seal it into size-labeled 2-portion packages, and freeze the packages in bags. Depending on the turkey and the number of guests I served, I usually count on having the basis for 10-15, 2-serving meals on tap. It’s a real stress saver in the weeks ahead and a great reward for having cooked a big bird.

I do love leftovers and I’ve written many posts focused on turkey recipes over the years, each discussing a different aspect of transforming leftovers into delicious, fresh appearing meals. There’s no excuse for re-runs or boredom, or reason not to enjoy the leftovers for months. As I said turkey freezes very well. 

Below, I list a few of my recipes using the different sizes of meat, from small to large, to show the wide variation of uses, with links to their posts which you can click to access the entire article, the information and recipes. There are many more of them, Lasagna, Stuffed Portabellas, Pizzas, Turkey with Mushrooms in Creamy Wine Sauce, Cranberry Salad with Nuts and Feta, Ravioli with Lime-Balsamic Vinaigrette.

I’m also including a listing of links to all my turkey leftover articles, so you can check out each discussion, because they are all different. If you want more holiday meal ideas simply go to the Archive-Select Month drop down menu selector in the right margin of any blog page on this site, and choose the appropriate month. We cover all holidays…

RECIPES

SMALL PIECES
STUFFING SOUP: 6 servings   Dec.21.2011
4 Tbs. Butter or canola oil—or a combination

1 large onion chopped

1 carrot sliced

1 stalk celery sliced

2 tomatoes diced or (1) 14oz can diced tomatoes with juice

1 Tbs. dried parsley-or equal amount fresh

3 to 4 cups turkey leftovers

48oz. stock=3 cans broth+ 6oz water (gravy may be mixed in to this amount)

2 cups leftover stuffing

1 ½ cups cooked shaped pasta-bows, shells, penne

1 to 1 ½ cups leftover vegetables—peas, beans, corn, sprouts, spinach (optional)

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Melt butter in a stock pot over low heat and sauté onion, carrot and celery until tender. Stir in tomatoes, meat and parsley. Add stock and stuffing. Bring to a boil, reduce heat and simmer, partially covered, 1hr. Add any leftover vegetables and warm through. Place pasta in a deep bowl and ladle soup over.

Enchiladas: Serves 4   Nov.23,2017
(8) 8 inch flour or corn tortillas
8 oz. Ricotta cheese
(1) 4 oz. can green chilies
½ lb. or 1 cup turkey leftovers
6 scallions chopped
½ cup chopped green bell pepper
1 ½ cups shredded Monterey Jack Cheese
½ tsp . red pepper
Cooking spray
½ cup chopped fresh cilantro
(1) 20 oz. jar of salsa
If using raw, ground meat, spray a skillet with the cooking spray and sauté the meat over medium heat until no longer pink. If using leftovers, cut them in thin strips about 2 inches x1 inch. In a bowl, stir to combine, Ricotta, scallions, ¾ of the green chilies (Add the rest to the salsa), the green pepper, the red pepper, ½ cup of the Monterey Jack cheese and the meat. Spread half the salsa in the bottom of a 12 x 8 inch ovenproof pan. If using corn tortillas, wrap them in plastic wrap and microwave for 1 min., or until pliable. This step is not necessary with flour ones. Dip the tortillas in the salsa in the pan to soften them to the point that they can be rolled. Spoon the filling down the center of the tortillas in equal amounts, about 3 Tbs. per tortilla and roll it up. Place the rolled tortillas, seam side down, on the salsa in the pan. Pour the rest of the salsa over them, and top with the rest of the Monterey Jack cheese and half the cilantro. Cover and bake in a preheated 350 degree oven 20 min. Uncover and bake 10 min more. Serve from the pan, and pass the rest of the fresh cilantro to garnish.

Italian Chicken Bundles: Serves 5—Freezes*This recipe is adapted from The U.S. Personal Chef Ass. Collection   Nov. 23, 1017
1 ½ cups chopped leftover turkey
1 medium-large onion in fine dice
(1) 10 oz. box frozen chopped spinach, thawed and drained
1 Tbs. oil
¼ tsp. garlic powder
2/3 cup grated Parmesan
8 oz. Ricotta
¼ tsp. EACH dried oregano and nutmeg
Salt and pepper
2 Tbs. butter-melted
10 egg roll wrappers
(1) 16 oz. jar pasta sauce—Red or White flavors acceptable
Microwave onion in oil on high for 2 min. stir in garlic powder. Combine all the ingredients, except wrappers, sauce and butter in a bowl add salt and pepper. Brush some butter into 10 of the 12 cups in a muffin pan or in 2 pans. Place a wrapper in each buttered cup and divide the filling among them. Fold over tops and brush with the remaining butter. Bake in a preheated 350 deg. oven for 20-25 min. until tops are golden. Serve at once, drizzled with the pasta sauce and garnished with the remaining Parmesan.
* To Freeze: Cool bundles and wrap separately in foil; store in a zip lock bag. To Reheat: Unwrap put on a plate and microwave on high 2-4 min. Drizzle with sauce and microwave 1 min. more, Garnish with Parmesan to serve

MEDIUM PIECES

SALADS

HOT CHICKEN (OR TURKEY) SALAD:  Serves 6   Nov. 21, 2019
3 cups cubed cooked meat

1 ½ cups thinly sliced celery

1 small to medium onion diced

(1) 4oz. can stems and pieces mushrooms

¼ cup toasted almond slivers

2 Tbs. lemon juice

1 cup Hellman’s mayonnaise

Salt to taste

2 Tbs. sharp cheese

3 Tbs. butter- melted

½ cup toasted croutons – I like rye bread

Mix first 8 ingredients and put in a greased casserole. Toss croutons with butter and top. Sprinkle with cheese and bake in a preheated 450 degree oven until brown–@ 30 mins.

NOTE: Doubled or tripled, this is an excellent party dish, but it also freezes well, before the toppings are added. So, save time and make extra to have ahead. It’s a five star with my family!

Turkey, Pear and Pasta Salad: Serves 6-This recipe builds on the classic pears, blue cheese and walnuts salad combination.  Nov. 23, 2017
1 lb. fusilli or penne
1 ¼ cup cooked turkey
2 pears-cored and sliced in size to equal the meat pieces
4 scallions – sliced
3 Tbs. chopped toasted walnuts
3 ½ oz. blue cheese*
3 Tbs. sour cream*
3 Tbs. ice water*
Cook the pasta al dente drain and rinse in cold water, drain again and cool. Arrange pasta on plates, top with meat, scallions and pears. Whisk the cheese, cream and ice water until smooth and drizzle over salads, Garnish with nuts.
*This dressing can be replaced with a good bottled blue cheese one.

Medium size pieces of leftover turkey are great for pastas, pizzas and stir-frys. I like these dishes for quick weekday meals. Basically they all start with 1 large onion and 1 green bell pepper, roughly chopped for the pasta and sliced for the other two dishes, micro waved for 2 mins. With 1Tbs. oil, ¼ tsp lemon pepper and a dash of red pepper. I add 1 cup of frozen broccoli stems and pieces for the second minute when making the pasta and pizza.  Nov. 23, 2017
A) For pasta I like to use penne. I toss the cooked, drained noodles with about 1 cup of fresh or canned diced tomatoes, pesto or riciato sauce, or just olive oil, the cooked vegetables, dried oregano and basil, and the thawed turkey meat, and top with grated Parmesan.
B) For pizza, I spread the pesto or riciato on the crust then pile on the cooked vegetables, diced tomatoes and the meat and sprinkle with the fried herbs and top with the cheese. Bake at 425 degrees for about 10-12 mins.
C) For Stir-Frys _heat 2 Tbs.oi1, with 1tsp. garlic powder and 1 tsp. ground ginger in a skillet. Cook any fresh vegetables about 3 min, then add frozen ones, if using, with soy sauce and cook covered  5 min. Uncover and add mushrooms or chestnuts if using, and meat with 1/3 cup Teriyaki sauce and stir to combine (or 1/3 cup broth with 1 tsp. cornstarch and stir until thickened-then add meat an heat through)

TURKEY CURRY—Serves 4     Nov.29, 2012
4 portions larger pieces of frozen turkey thawed = 2 packs
2 envelopes of chicken bouillon granules
(1) 15 oz. can peach slices in light syrup
peach juice from can +enough milk to = 2 cups
½ cup milk
½ cup light cream
3 Tbs. cornstarch
2 tsp. curry powder or to taste
sugar – if needed
6 cups boiled rice-brown or white long grained
chutney
Dissolve the cornstarch in the ½ cup milk. Put it with the juice, milk, bouillon and curry in a pot large enough to hold the recipe bring to a simmer over medium-high heat, stirring constantly until thickened. Reduce heat; add meat, peach slices and cream. Stir gently until heated through and sauce is smooth and thick. Taste and 

TURKEY WITH WALNUTS (Tetrazzini): Serves 4  Nov. 22, 2018
3 cups cooked cubed turkey or 4 turkey cutlets cut in 1×2 inch strips @ 1 ½ lbs.
1 green bell pepper
2 medium onions in 8ths
4 celery ribs
2 tsp. Soy Sauce
(1) 10oz can chicken broth – divided ¼ cup reserved (This is the Condensed found with the soups, rather than the 14 oz. broths)
2 Tbs. butter
½ cup cream sherry
2 Tbs. cornstarch
½ cup walnut pieces – toasting optional
Salt and Pepper
½ lb. cooked pasta – suggestions orzo or broad egg noodles
Melt butter in skillet over medium heat. If using raw turkey sauté first then add vegetables and sauté until soft .If using leftover add it with the sherry after the vegetables are soft. Add ¾ cup chicken broth and Soy sauce cover and simmer 8 min. Add sherry and cook 1 min more, add cornstarch dissolved in ¼ cup broth and cook 3 min., stirring constantly, until sauce thickens. Serve over pasta and garnish with walnuts.
NOTE; To toast walnuts- place on foil in 350 degree oven for 5 min.
Add more curry, salt and sugar if needed to adjust flavor. Serve over hot rice with chutney on the side.

Turkey with Sundried Tomatoes and Sour Cream:– Serves 4– Nov. 18,2015
1 ½ cups leftover turkey
¼ cup sundried tomatoes in oil – or reconstituted – see below
1 medium onion in large dice
2 cloves garlic chopped
1 cup water
1 envelope chicken bouillon granules
½ cup white wine
2 Tbs. capers
½ cup sour cream
2 Tbs. butter
2 Tbs. oil
¼ cup flour
Salt and pepper
10 oz. sturdy, shaped pasta, rigatoni, penne, or shells
If tomatoes are dry pack, microwave them in enough water to amply cover, for 1 min. then allow to sit in the microwave, for 5 min. Melt butter in skillet over medium heat and sauté the onion. Drain tomatoes, and sliver them. When onions are soft, add garlic, oil and cook for 1 min., add tomatoes, water, bouillon, capers and wine. Simmer for 5 min or until sauce reduces slightly, add meat, heat for 1 min. correct seasoning, stir in sour cream and heat through, about 1 min. then serve over cooked pasta. Do not allow cream to boil or it will separate.

LARGE PIECES

Turkey Divan: Serves 4*   Nov. 18, 2015
(1) 10 oz. can condensed Cream of Chicken soup +
½ can = 4-5 oz. milk
(1) 1 lb. bag frozen broccoli florets
1 ½ Tbs. white wine-optional
6-8 large pieces or slices of turkey = 4 chicken breasts
1/3 cup grated Parmesan cheese
(1) 8 oz. Can sliced mushrooms- optional
Thaw broccoli and pat dry. Make a sauce by mixing the soup and milk, with wine, if using, stirring until smooth. Lightly butter a 2 qt. ovenproof casserole and place half the broccoli in it. Cover with the meat and, if using, scatter the mushrooms over. Pour on half the sauce and scatter with half the cheese. Top with the rest of the broccoli, then the rest of the sauce and finally, the remainder of the cheese. Bake at 375 deg. for 40-50 min. until bubbling and slightly golden on top.
*If made with fresh broccoli, cook to crisp tender.

CHICKEN (or TURKEY) a la King Pierre—Serves 4   Nov.22, 2018
This recipe is based on the dish served in the Café Pierre in the Hotel Pierre in New York City and is as suitable for entertaining as for a simple dinner at home.
4 portions larger size pieces frozen turkey meat thawed = 2 packs
(2) 4oz. cans button mushrooms
(1/2 ) 8 oz. can pitted ripe olives sliced lengthwise in half
2 jarred roasted red peppers
1 envelope chicken bouillon granules
(1) 10 oz. can chicken or turkey broth—can use your home made here–+ water to equal  1 ½ cups
1 tsp. curry powder- or to taste
1 cup milk – divided
½ cup light cream
3 Tbs. cornstarch
1 pkg. frozen patty shells

Cook patty shells according to directions and have ready “caps” or tops on the side.
Combine broth, water, bouillon, curry, olives, mushrooms and ½ cup milk in a pot large enough to hold all the ingredients. Dissolve the cornstarch in the other ½ cup of milk, add to the pot and, stirring constantly, and cook over medium-high heat until sauce thickens-about 3 mins. Lower heat, add meat, peppers and cream and continue stirring gently until heated through and sauce is smooth and thick. Serve hot in patty shells garnished with the “caps”.

PAN SAUCES           

The majority of recipes with sauces that are intended for pork, veal and poultry can be adapted to use leftover turkey. The simplest and quickest are the pan sauces that develop from recipes that start with the meat being browned by sautéing and removed from the pan first. Just assume the meat is brown and pick up the directions from there, then put it in the pan at the end to absorb flavor and heat through.  Nov. 24, 2016      

TURKEY in ORANGE SAUCE – Serves 4
4 portions of large pieces of frozen turkey thawed
1 medium-small onion diced fine
1 Tbs. oil
1/3 cup frozen orange juice concentrate*
1 ½ cups white wine*
1 Tbs. soy sauce or to taste
orange marmalade or brown sugar to taste
3 Tbs. match stick pieces of orange rind ½ inch long
Sauté the onion in the oil until soft, about 3 mins. Add the juice, wine, soy sauce and orange rind. Stir to mix well and taste to adjust flavors adding marmalade or sugar if needed. This sauce should be tangy. Add the meat to the pan and simmer for about 10 mins. to infuse the flavors. Serve hot.
* equal amounts of fresh orange juice can be substituted, but it’s best to dissolve ½ tsp. of cornstarch in the liquid first, and stir until slightly thickened before adjusting seasoning or adding the meat.
Variations
This technique works well substituting ½ cup, or to taste, leftover whole cranberry sauce for the frozen orange juice concentrate, mixing it with the wine and omitting the soy sauce and marmalade. The orange rind is optional.
1) After sautéing the onion in the oil, substitute 2 cups Madera or Marsala with 1 tsp, cornstarch dissolved in it. Add with meat and gently stir until sauce thickens. Serve at once.
2) Substitute white wine for the others mentioned above.  Add 1tsp. dried Tarragon and 8-12 raw shrimp with the meat and stir until shrimp is pink and sauce thickens about 3 mins.
3) Add ½ cup roughly chopped reconstituted sun-dried tomatoes and ½ tsp dried oregano to the pan with the wine and stir to partially thicken sauce. Add meat and heat through as sauce finishes thickening. Remove from heat and add 1/3 cup sour cream. Gently stir over medium-low heat only until warmed through. Be careful, if it boils it will curdle. Serve at once.
4) Substitute 2 Tbs. red raspberry jam + ¼ cup white wine or apple juice, with a drop of lemon juice added, for the other ingredients. Add the meat and simmer about 6mins to infuse flavor. This dish perks up with a good dash of black pepper.

LINKS

Dec. 21, 2011        Nov. 15, 2012     Nov. 19, 2012           Nov.29, 2012         Dec. 2, 2013         Nov. 20, 2014   Nov.27, 2014      Nov. 18, 2015        Nov. 3, 2016    Nov.24, 2016       Nov.23, 2017        Nov. 22, 2018    Nov.21, 2019        

GOLDEN AU GRATINS

The weather suddenly cooled and, planning dinner last weekend, I realized I was craving Potatoes au Gratin. It started me thinking how perfectly Gratins suit autumn. The comforting, warm fillings with interesting texture contrasts and the crisp, fragrant, golden toppings seem to embody the very essence of the season. I pulled up my posting from Nov. 9, 2017, and found it filed with valuable, pertinent information, as fresh today as 3 years ago. So with slight updates for 2020, I’m reprinting it. 

Like most people, I love gratins. They make a pretty presentation; the topping enhances the flavor and creates an interesting contrast in texture. Crispy, but not, it complements the softer body of the dish. There is a wide variety of gratins for every course, one might even say that French Onion Soup is a gratin, with its topping of bread and cheese but the true value of this category of dishes is in their convenience.

Gratins are a menu planner‘s and cook’s dream because they can be prepared ahead of baking or partially baked and finished or transported and finished on site. This quality makes gratins the perfect dishes to consider when organizing a communal or holiday dinner, a buffet supper or contribution to a pot-luck party. I’ve written several posts on easily prepared and/or portable side dishes (Nov. 3,2016,   Nov.10, 2016,   Dec. 15, 2016,   Nov.15,2018     Nov.14, 2019) and gratins deserve a place at the top of those lists.    

Gratins’ appeal is far older than their easy fit into our current lifestyle. It goes back centuries and led to the naming of the recipe category. ”Gratin” in French means “crispy and slightly burnt”; “Au Gratin” means “with crumbs”. Centuries ago, when food was baked in iron pots in the embers of an open fireplace, it had to be inverted onto a platter to be served. Often the bottom had formed a crusty, browned layer which was considered a treat. With the development of closed ovens and serving ware that went from oven to table, inverting food was no longer needed. People missed the crusty ‘gratin’ but baking was more even and the layer had disappeared.

The solution was to create a topping layer to imitate it. Other cuisines hit on breadcrumbs but the French just had to improve on that by making it into a flavor element, naming it ‘Au Gratin’ and turning the recipes using it into a food category. The traditional ‘gratin’ is cheese and/or breadcrumbs. Butter, dotted or melted and drizzled over is an option. Crushed crackers, cereals, potato chips and cookies are permitted as well. However, these are all cooked items as opposed to the ‘crumb’ and ‘crisp’ toppings found on desserts, which are based on raw flour. They are not ‘gratins’.

Gratins can be made with most foods and adapt many casseroles, as shown in the recipes below, but they are chiefly associated with recipes using cream sauces. The interesting thing is that when cooking gratins with starchy items like potatoes or pasta, there’s no need for a roux or added thickener. The gluten in those ingredients releases in cooking and thickens the sauce alone, making preparation a breeze.

We don’t know this year what precautions will be advised for the coming holidays, but in planning for them, or simply meal planning ahead, try some gratin recipes. . There’s a nice selection of recipes below to start you on the way. One is actually a low cost dinner and another great for leftover chicken. 

RECIPES

Boursin Stuffed Mushrooms: Serves about 4 From 500 -3 Ingredient Recipes by Robert and Carol Hildebrand
16 large mushroom caps
8 oz. Boursin cheese
1 cup Panko
Remove the mushroom stems, and wipe the caps. Stuff them with the cheese, then press the Panko on the tops, patting to cover completely. Place the mushrooms in a pan with ¼ cup water in the bottom and bake at 400 deg. 10-12 min. until they’re soft and the Panko is golden. Serve hot.
NOTE: Can be made several hours ahead and kept chilled. Bring to room temp before cooking

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Roasted Potato, Garlic and Leek Gratin: Serves 4
2 lbs. . russet potatoes-peeled and sliced
½ leek- sliced
1 Tbs. roasted garlic paste
2 cups milk
1 bay leaf
1 ¼ tsp. salt
1/8 tsp. grated nutmeg
2 Tbs. sour cream
2 tsp. Dijon mustard
½ cup grated Swiss cheese
Bring milk, salt, bay leaf, and nutmeg to a boil. Add vegetables and garlic, reduce to a simmer and cook 10-15 min. Remove solids to a 1 ½ quart shallow casserole dish with a slotted spoon. Discard bay leaf. Stir sour cream and mustard into milk mix, pour over potatoes and bake at 425 deg. for 10 min. Scatter cheese over top and bake an additional 15 min. until cheese is golden and bubbles. Serve hot.

Gratin Dauphinoise: Serves 6 This is one of the most famous gratin dishes. You will find it’s more compact than the Potatoes Au Gratin we’re used to. From Bay Books’ The Food of France
2 ¼ lb. floury potatoes
2 garlic cloves crushed
½ cup grated Swiss cheese-divided. 2 Tbs. in reserve for topping
Pinch nutmeg
1 ¼ cups half and half
½ cup heavy cream
Thinly slice the potatoes with a mandolin or knife. Place 1 layer in a well-buttered 9”X 6”baking dish, sprinkle with some nutmeg, garlic and cheese. Repeat layers ending with potatoes. Pour liquid over and top with reserved cheese. Bake in a preheated 350 deg. oven until potatoes are cooked and liquid is completely absorbed. If top browns too quickly, cover with foil. Allow to stand 10 min. before slicing to serve.

Cauliflower au Gratin: Serves 4-6 – Can easily be doubled
1 lg. head cauliflower
1 cup milk
2 Tbs. flour
2 Tbs. butter
1/4 cup shredded cheddar cheese
1/2 envelope chicken bouillon granules
3 Tbs. shredded Parmesan cheese
Paprika and dried parsley for garnish
Cut green leaves off head and cut the core even with the stalks of the flowerets. Boil the head in lightly salted water to cover for 15 min. starting with the top down for 5 and then turning it bottom down. Remove from pot and stand on bottom in a lightly greased casserole. Make a white sauce by melting the butter, whisking in the flour to form a roux, or paste, and then adding the milk and whisking to dissolve any lumps . Bring to a simmer over medium high heat, stirring constantly and continue to stir until sauce thickens. Add cheddar cheese and stir to melt. Pour sauce over the cauliflower, sprinkle with Parmesan and garnish with paprika and parsley. Bake at 350 deg. for 30-40 min. until lightly browned and bubbly. Can be made ahead until just golden, chilled, brought to room temperature and browning finished in an oven on site.
Variation: Cauliflower Polynesian: Serves 4
1 large head cauliflower divided into flowerets
½ tsp. garlic powder-option 1
1Tbs.oil-option 1
2 Tbs. grated Parmesan-options-1&2*
¼ cup melted butter- option 2
½ cup plain breadcrumbs
Salt and pepper
Paprika and dried parsley for garnish
*Cheese can be added to either of the optional methods of cooking the cauliflower .

Fennel, Tomato and Garlic Gratin: Serves 4. Another recipe from Bay Books
2 lb.4 oz. . fennel bulb
1 large red onion halved lengthwise and thinly sliced
1/3 cup olive oil
2 garlic cloves-crushed
1 lb. 2 oz. tomatoes-peeled and chopped
Gratin Topping
2 ¼ oz. fresh white bread(3-4 slices) made into crumbs in a processer =about 1-1 ½ cups
2/3 cup grated Parmesan cheese
1 garlic clove crushed
2 tsp. lemon zest tsp. lemon zest
Peel tomatoes by dipping into boiling water for 10-20 sec., roughly chop. Cut fennel bulbs in half lengthwise and thinly slice with a mandolin or knife. Sauté the onion in the oil until just softened, about 2-3 min. add garlic and cook 2 min. add funnel and cook 7 min. stirring frequently until soft and golden.
Add tomatoes and cook 5 min. or until tomatoes are soft. Pour mixture into a buttered 8 ½ inch square pan. Toss together all the gratin ingredients and scatter over the dish. Bake in a preheated 400 deg. oven until top is golden and crisp, about 15 min. Serve hot.

Chicken with Mushrooms in Cream Sauce: Serves 2
2 chicken thighs-rinsed well and trimmed of fat
½ medium onion –sliced in half then quartered
4 mushroom caps about 1 ½ inch diameter each-quartered
3 oz. milk or half and half
½ tsp. chicken bouillon granules
½ tsp. dried sage
1 ½ Tbs. butter-divided
2 Tbs. white wine-optional
2Tbs. flour
1 Tbs. grated Parmesan cheese
1/3 cup –or more-Panko
Water
Cook the chicken in just enough water to cover until tender. Cool, skin, bone and separate in bite sized pieces; reserve broth. Sauté vegetables in 1 Tbs. butter until onion is soft, about 3 min. using a slotted spoon, remove to plate with chicken. Measure 5 oz. of broth, add 3 oz. milk or cream, white wine, sage and bouillon to equal 1cup fluid. Melt reserved butter in the remaining butter in pan; bring to foam, remove from heat and add flour stirring to make a roux or paste.* Quickly add liquid and return to heat stirring constantly as it simmers until thickened, about 3 min . Remove from heat and correct seasonings. Fold in the meat and vegetables then pour into 1 casserole or 2 ramekins. Sprinkle with panko and cheese and bake at 360 deg. 20-25 min. until top is golden and sauce bubbles. Serve hot at once, or prepare ahead and bake before serving.
*For a lower fat rendition, replace the roux with 1 Tbs. cornstarch dissolved in the liquid and proceed to cook as directed above.

Gratin of Creamed Salmon or Other (Canned) Fish*: Serves 4-6 From Julia Child’s Mastering the Art of French Cooking.
1 ½ cups cooked canned fish—well drained, juice reserved
¼ cup minced onion
3 Tbs. butter
3 Tbs. flour
1 cup milk
¼ cup white wine
4-6 Tbs. cream
¼ tsp. oregano
Salt and pepper
Optional add-ins-mushrooms, green pepper, hard boiled eggs
¼ cup grated Swiss cheese
1 Tbs. butter
Measure the milk, fish juice and wine to equal 1 ½ cups. If short add some of the cream or more milk. Brown the onions in the butter, then make a roux, following the directions above use the flour, milk, fish juice, wine and seasonings to make a thick sauce. Thin if desired with the cream. Fold in the fish and options, if using, and pour into a baking dish, preferably only 2 inches deep. Sprinkle with cheese and dot with the 1 Tbs. butter. Bake at 425 deg. for 15-20 min. until top is browned.
*NOTE: This is a great recipe for shellfish, mollusks and chunks of firm fish. In fact, Crab Au Gratin was very popular in the mid 20^thCen. Simply replace the canned fish with an equal quantity of chosen seafood. Replace the fish liquid with cream from the stated quantity, and proceed as directed above.

Pears Au Gratin: Serves 6 –Also from Julia Child’s book cited above
2 lb.  pears- fresh or canned, peeled, cored and sliced 3/8 inch thick
¼ cup white wine OR mix of pear juice and wine
¼ cup apricot preserves or jam
½ cup cookie crumbs, preferably macaroons
1 Tbs. butter
1 baking dish 8 inches by 2 inches deep smeared with 2 Tbs. butter
Arrange the pears in a circular pattern in the baking dish. Beat the liquid and the preserves together, strain and pour over the pears. Sprinkle with the crumbs and dot with the butter. Bake on the middle rack in a preheated 400 deg. oven for 20-30 min. until top is golden. Serve hot, room temp or chilled.